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Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis and Assessment of Risk Factors in and Around Wolayta Sodo, Ethiopia
Jirata Shiferaw,
Indalem Telila
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
1-7
Received:
4 November 2016
Accepted:
29 November 2016
Published:
14 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhnm.20160201.11
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Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Woliata Soddo in different dairy breeds (jersey, indigenous zebu, and high grade Holstein breed) from November 2013 to May 2014 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis and to assess the associated risk factors at Soddo regional veterinary laboratory. A total of 386 lactating cows of which 216 indigenous zebu, 88 jersey, 82 high grade Holsteins underwent a clinical examination and Californian Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed. Moreover, those positive for the clinical and sub clinical mastitis were subjected to bacteriological tests. N. 134 (34.7%) were found to be positive for either clinical (38.80%) or subclinical mastitis (61.19%). Of the 966 quarters examined, 21.94% were found positive to mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis differed significantly among the breeds (P< 0.000) with 54.8% in high grade Holstein cows, 44.3% in jersey cows and 23.1% in indigenous zebus. However, there was no significant difference among breeds as to quarters. With respect to lactation stage, the prevalence of mastitis was 43.85% at early lactation (1-120 days), 32.80% at mid lactation (121-240 days), and 23.8% at end lactation (above 240 days). Moreover, there was a significant difference between lactation (P< 0.000). The prevalence of mastitis in various group was found to be increasing with parity number (r= 0.8) with highest prevalence at lactation stage number six and above. Of the total 134 CMT positive and clinically positive udder quarter sample analyzed microbiologically, 111 (82.8%) were culturally positive and 23 (17.2%) were negative. In positive samples, Staphylococcus accounts for 43.54%, Streptococcus 28.89%, Coliform 19.35% respectively, of the total 124 bacteria isolated. Based on the result obtained, recommendations were forwarded to build up awareness among dairy cow owners and further investigation with special emphasis on economic losses.
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Woliata Soddo in different dairy breeds (jersey, indigenous zebu, and high grade Holstein breed) from November 2013 to May 2014 to estimate the prevalence of mastitis and to assess the associated risk factors at Soddo regional veterinary laboratory. A total of 386 lactating cows of which 216 indig...
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Anthelmintic Activity Assessment of Melanthera albinervia, Conyza sumatrensis and Cyperacium nathera Used in Kalemie (DR Congo) Against the Goat Gastrointestinal Parasites
Rudy Thierry Kumwimba Lenge,
André Baysande Wa Lwengo,
Marsi Mbayo Kitambala,
Edouard Ngoy Kihuya,
Jean-Baptiste Lumbu Simbi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
8-14
Received:
12 August 2016
Accepted:
22 November 2016
Published:
15 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhnm.20160201.12
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Abstract: Study aim: This study compares the anthelmintic activity of three medicinal plants namely Melanthera albinervia (Asteraceae), Conyza sumatrensis (Asteraceae) and Cyperacium nathera (Cyperaceae) used in Kalemie and its surroundings against the gastrointestinal parasites beside the therapeutic effect of the ivermectin. Method: Each plant dried away from the sunlight, crushed and 30g of each drug is administered to goats, in vivo, to evaluate the therapeutic effect by comparing the reduction of the eggs number per gram of feces in the group of goat treated by ivermectin and the untreated group. Result: The coprological analysis before treatment revealed that the helminths prevalence in all studied goats with an average parasite load of 3850 ± 240.44 eggs per gram of feces. After treatment, the lab analysis showed that the therapeutic effect rate of the studied plants was ranging from 72.9% on the 12th day to 44.3% on the 20th day for Conyza sumatrensis, 84.8% on the 12th day to 85% on the 20th day for Melanthera albinervia and 89.5% on the 12th day to 79.5% on the 20th day for Cyperacium nathera against an average therapeutic effect rate of ivermectin ranging from 75.1% on the 12th day to 92.8% on the 20th day. Conclusion: The plant studied, by their ability to reduce the number of parasites eggs in the feces of goats studied and by their therapeutic efficacy, appear to be the alternative to the parasites control in the goat breeding.
Abstract: Study aim: This study compares the anthelmintic activity of three medicinal plants namely Melanthera albinervia (Asteraceae), Conyza sumatrensis (Asteraceae) and Cyperacium nathera (Cyperaceae) used in Kalemie and its surroundings against the gastrointestinal parasites beside the therapeutic effect of the ivermectin. Method: Each plant dried away f...
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Effect of Gallic Acid on Regression of Murine CCL4-Induced Hepatic Cirrhosis
Sérgio Souza Figueiredo,
Livia Maria Della Porta Cosac,
Cecilia Sevalho Goncalves,
Marlei Josiele Augusto,
Fernando Silva Ramalho,
Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
15-19
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
15 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhnm.20160201.13
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Abstract: Hepatic cirrhosis can be induced by chronic exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid (GA), appear to inhibit ROS-induced oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the effects of GA on murine hepatic fibrogenesis. The effects of GA were evaluated on the regression of liver cirrhosis that was induced by chronic intraperitoneal CCl4 administration (20% v/v) in C57 mice for a period of 10 weeks. The animals were treated intraperitoneally and distributed in three groups, as follows: SHAM group – 8 weeks with Olive oil (CCL4 solution vehicle); C group – 8 weeks with CCL4 solution, and then 2 more weeks with deionized water (Gallic Acid solution vehicle); and C + GA group – 8 weeks with CCL4 solution, and then 2 more weeks with Gallic Acid solution (100 mg/Kg/day) on alternated days. The cirrhosis and inflammation-related factors were estimated using histological, western blotting and PCR-RT analysis. There was a significant decrease in the collagen deposition, as indicated by Sirius red staining, in the C + GA group compared to the C group (p<0.05). This improvement was accompanied by a reduction in the number of α-SMA-positive cells observed in these animals (p<0.05). The expression of the Procollagen α1(I), TGFβ1 and TIMP1 genes was also diminished by GA administration compared to the control (p<0.001). Additionally, proteomic studies revealed reduced p65 NFκB and p38 MAPK protein levels in the C + GA group. These findings reveal the effect of GA on the regression of cirrhosis. The mechanisms of this process might involve the anti-inflammatory activity of GA, which represses the TGFβ1, p65 NFκB, and p38 MAPK-mediated signaling pathways.
Abstract: Hepatic cirrhosis can be induced by chronic exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, phenolic compounds, such as gallic acid (GA), appear to inhibit ROS-induced oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the effects of GA on murine hepatic fibrogenesis. The effects of GA were evaluated on the regression of liver cirrhosis that was induced...
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Assessment of Cardiovascular Diseases & Drug Therapy in Northern and Southern Parts of Bangladesh
Rifati Shams Shoite,
Arfin Rifat,
Mir Rashed Ali,
Md. Mahabubur Rahman,
Md. Shoriful Islam,
Khondakar Mahmudul Hasan,
Md. Sowaib Ibne Mahbub,
Al Mamun,
Abu Syed Md Anisuzzaman,
Md Rafiqul Islam Khan
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
20-23
Received:
27 July 2016
Accepted:
26 October 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijhnm.20160201.14
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Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Bangladesh is currently facing the silent epidemic of CVD. Medications are a cornerstone of the prevention and management of CVD. Here we studied to assess the currently occurring CVD and their drug therapy in the northern and southern parts of Bangladesh through survey. In the prospective study, we assessed the condition of patients and frequently used drugs therapy with standard questionnaires by interviewing individuals (35 to 60 years old) with a history of coronary heart disease, admitted to some renowned governmental and non-governmental hospital in the northern and southern parts of Bangladesh. From the interview of 263 patients (177 male and 86 female) associated with diabetes were 63 and not associated with diabetes were 200, having asthma 92, smoking habit 97, high sodium intake tendency 93. The most frequently reported diseases were myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (UA), hypertension (HTN), and stroke. Sometimes left ventricular failure (LVF) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) was also reported. The most prescribed drugs were diuretics and β-blockers. This survey provides unique contemporary data on characteristics and management of patients with CVD in northern and southern parts of Bangladesh.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Bangladesh is currently facing the silent epidemic of CVD. Medications are a cornerstone of the prevention and management of CVD. Here we studied to assess the currently occurring CVD and their drug therapy in the northern and southern parts of Bangladesh throug...
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