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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
Danjuma Lawal,
Bobai Mathew,
Sani Muhammad Nura
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
14-28
Received:
11 June 2022
Accepted:
29 June 2022
Published:
17 August 2022
Abstract: Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged from 56.2500 ± 29.1241 – 31.2500 + 22.16013 gm/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.
Abstract: Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving gr...
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Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management
Si-Yu Tao,
Nan Zhou,
Jin-Qi Chen,
Yue-Li Zhou,
Xiao-Ju Wu,
Di Chen,
Muhammad Zia Ullah Shahid,
Zhu-Ling Guo
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
29-33
Received:
10 November 2022
Accepted:
18 November 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
Abstract: Almost all people may suffer from gingivitis of varying degrees. As a kind of periodontal disease, gingivitis is mainly caused by many factors such as poor oral hygiene habits or immune dysfunction. Untreated gingivitis may develop into irreversible periodontitis. An important research direction of gingivitis is to find a drug that can reduce inflammation and has fewer side effects instead of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Agarwood is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. Previous studies on the chemical components and pharmacological activities of agarwood showed that the active components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpene and quercetin, have positive effects on the relief of inflammation. However, there is not much research on the use of agarwood to treat oral chronic inflammation such as gingivitis. In order to summarize the possible mechanism of the effect of agarwood on gingivitis, this paper reviewed and summarized domestic and foreign literatures. By reviewing the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and immune activities of the active components of agarwood in gingivitis respectively, the possible mechanism of agarwood in alleviating oral chronic inflammation was demonstrated. This review will provide theoretical reference value for the application of agarwood and its secondary products in the treatment of oral inflammation.
Abstract: Almost all people may suffer from gingivitis of varying degrees. As a kind of periodontal disease, gingivitis is mainly caused by many factors such as poor oral hygiene habits or immune dysfunction. Untreated gingivitis may develop into irreversible periodontitis. An important research direction of gingivitis is to find a drug that can reduce infla...
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Adolescents Treated with Homoeopathy: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Mukta Nivedita Bera,
Dariker Bateilin Kharmujai
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, December 2022
Pages:
34-45
Received:
22 June 2022
Accepted:
8 July 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
Abstract: Generalised Anxiety Disorder is one of the anxiety disorders getting substantial rise but seldom diagnosed clinically in today’s society leading to low self esteem and disabling them from social interactions and academic achievement among adolescents. Common reasons are family, peer pressure, insecurities, friends, health & competition among peers in school performance. Aim: To assess the efficacy of homeopathic treatment of GAD among adolescents (11-17 years) in comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy (placebo group). Objectives: To study the clinical presentation of GAD among adolescents (11-17 years); To identify the various ailments leading to GAD among adolescents (11-17 years); To compare the pre score and post score of GAD among adolescents (11-17 years) with GAD questionnaire by APA in both groups. Result: 62 subjects are divided according to the criteria of results as recovered, improved and not improved. Out 0f 31 patients in the study group 12 recovered, 16 improved and 3 not improved. Out of 31 subjects in the control group 4 recovered, 18 improved and 9 not improved. Conclusion: Efficacy of treatments is assessed through improvement of cases seen in no. of follow ups of both groups, where homeopathic treatment showed good results in the initial follow ups.
Abstract: Generalised Anxiety Disorder is one of the anxiety disorders getting substantial rise but seldom diagnosed clinically in today’s society leading to low self esteem and disabling them from social interactions and academic achievement among adolescents. Common reasons are family, peer pressure, insecurities, friends, health & competition among peers ...
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